Ferritic stainless steels have properties similar to those of mild steel but show. Request pdf stainless steels, ferritic the structure, corrosion resistance, and. Ferritic ferrite stainless steel tubes 430 405 409 410s. Austenitic stainless steels are classified in the 200 and 300 series, with 16% to 30% chromium and 2% to 20% nickel for enhanced surface quality, formability, increased corrosion and wear resistance. Many grades of ferritic stainless steel also contain smaller amounts of elements such as molybdenum, nickel. Besides the basic ironchromium, there are different elements added stainless steel and each bring specific properties. Ferritic stainless steels were discovered early but it was only in the 1980s that the conditions were met for their growth. Improved resistance to pitting corrosion in chloride environments.
Characterization of cracks of welded joint of ferritic. Similar to austenitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel cannot be hardened by heat treatment. Where grades are quoted in the text, the european standard en classification is given, followed by the american iron and steel institute aisi equivalent in brackets. It was possible to obtain very low carbon levels at the steelmaking stage.
From a practical standpoint, ferrite can be considered pure iron at a low temperature. Stainless steel is an alloy of iron with at least 10. This number is used to group similar base metals, allowing qualification of an entire selection versus qualification of just one. Aug 31, 2008 new generation generalpurpose ferritic grade awm 404gp can be used to replace the workhorse austenitic grade 304 in most applications. A new ferriticmartensitic stainless steel constitution diagram.
Types of stainless steel used in piping hardhat engineer. Composition of some ferritic stainless steels in wt %. They are magnetic, have good ductility and resistance to corrosion and oxidation. First and foremost stainless steels great claim to fame is its ability to resist corrosion. Ferritic nitrocarburizing sometimes abbreviated fnc is a case hardening processes that diffuses nitrogen and carbon into ferrous metals at subcritical temperatures during a salt bath. This grade of steel was developed as a stainless steel group that can resist oxidation and corrosion, specifically stress cracking corrosion scc.
Ferritic stainless steels are ideal for applications ranging from appliances to nextgeneration, hot end exhaust systems. After carbon steel, stainless steel is most widely used material in process industries because of its excellent corrosion resistance property. There are three primary classifications within the highperformance stainless steels. Ferritic stainless steel properties and applications. Nov 26, 2018 ferritic is typically metallic materials, that contain some portion of iron in its chemical composition. Types 405, 409, 430, 422 and 446 are representative of this group. Oct 07, 2016 microstructure and chemical compositions of ferritic stainless steel 1. The next step is the production by steel mills of hot rolled and of cold finished steel products, with some scrap which is directly reused in the melting shop. Stabilised grades for heavy section welding and high temperature applications. Reference module in materials science and materials engineering. High performance stainless steel tubing, ferritic stainless steel, super ferritic stainless steel, corrosion, erosion, vibration, stress corrosion cracking, thermal conductivity abstract originally developed back in the early to mid1970s, the current generation of super ferritic stainless steels have now returned to popularity. Austenitic stainless steels have resistance to carburizing and nitridinglow oxygen hot gas and higher creep strength. New generation generalpurpose ferritic grade awm 404gp can be used to replace the workhorse austenitic grade 304 in most applications. Corrosion resistance is primarily determined by the chromium content.
Carpenters stainless steel blue book carpenter technology. A useful chart of relevant information on austenitic, ferritic, duplex, martensitic, and precipitation hardening grades of stainless steels including. The stainless steels in each family have general similarities, but there is also a wide range of corrosion resistance and other characteristics. Based on arc welds made using commercial martensitic and ferritic stainless steels, this diagram has proven to be extremely accurate in predicting weld metal microstructure within the composition limits of the diagram. Austenitic vs ferritic steel stainless steel sheets. Ferritic may also refer to a type of steel called ferritic steel. Ferritic stainless steels are classified in the 400 series, usually with 10% to 30% chromium content, and are often chosen for their.
Oct 23, 2001 410 is the basic martensitic grade stainless steel. Typical applicatiosn include fasteners, bushings, pumps and valves, steam and gas turbine parts and petroleum refineries. The least common category of stainless steel alloy. In the present work, an experimental research programme was carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of various ferritic stainless steels at temperatures up to c. Martensitic stainless steel alloys are often ideal for applications. The stainless steel cycle starts with carbon steel scrap, primary metals, and slag. Ferritic steel is a type of steel that is composed of less than 0. While standard ferritic steels are, by far, the largest consumer group in terms of tonnage, demand for specialty grade stainless steels is increasing steadily. They are the austenitic, ferritic, and duplex austenitic ferritic families. Ferritic stainless steels were discovered early but it was only in the 1980s that the conditions were met for their. Sus329j1 denotes austenitic and ferritic stainless steel.
Materials science is the magic that allows us to change the chemical composition and microstructure of material to regulate its. These base metals are grouped by material and assigned p numbers based on what material they are. The most common stainless steel grade, 304, is used in about 60% of applications for stainless steel around the world. Ferritic stainless steel forms one of the four stainless steel families, the other three being austenitic, martensitic and duplex stainless steels. Ferritic stainless steels can have good to excellent corrosion resistance depending on the chemical composition of the specific grade. The ferritic and martensitic stainless grades 400 series are generally free from austenite, have high permeabilities and so will attract a magnet. Ferritic stainless steels table 2 are straightchromium 400 series types that cannot be hardened by heat treatment, and only moderately hardened by cold working. High performance stainless steel tubing, ferritic stainless steel, superferritic stainless steel, corrosion, erosion, vibration, stress corrosion cracking, thermal conductivity abstract originally developed back in the early to mid1970s, the current generation of superferritic stainless steels have now returned to popularity.
Mechanical properties of ferritic stainless steels at. Microstructural characterization of the haz in aisi 444. Chemical composition of aisi 430 ferritic stainless steel. Metal products distributor supplier metals and materials table of contents. Martensitic stainless steels are similar in composition to. Higher prices are driving stainless steel users to seek more cost effective solutions. High performance stainless steels nickel institute. Laser fusion allows us to produce profiles in these ferritic stainless steel grades in sections such as beams, channels, angles, tees and custom shapes. Ferritic stainless steel, which are part of the 400 series of stainless alloys, have chromium as their major alloying element and are typically low in carbon content. Ferritic stainless steel damstahl front page pages 1. Microstructure and chemical compositions of ferritic.
Grade 409 is a stabilized ferritic stainless steel. Ferritic stainless steels have resistance to sulfur containing hot gases and lower thermal expansion. There are different types of stainless steel used in piping. High temperature properties of ferritic stainless steels designed for exhaust. Information about chromium from the us geological survey. Chemical compositions of aisi astm asme and uns ferritic stainless steel grades introduction aisi astm asme and uns. This structure is responsible for them having distinctly different properties to austenitic. Ferritic is typically metallic materials, that contain some portion of iron in its chemical composition. Stressstrain model for ferritic stainless steels article pdf available in journal of materials in civil engineering 282. It has a nickel content of at least of 7%, which makes the steel structure fully austenitic and gives it ductility, a large scale of service temperature, nonmagnetic properties and good weldability. Microstructure and chemical compositions of ferritic stainless steel case study on. Ferritic definition of ferritic by the free dictionary. The ferritic solution provides an overview of the properties of ferritic stainless steels, the advantages of using them and the applications where they can be used. Austenitic stainless steel is the most widely used type of stainless steel.
Sigma phase is a nonmagnetic intermetallic phase composed mainly of iron and chromium which forms in ferritic and austenitic stainless steels during exposure at temperatures of 1050 to 1800 degrees f 560 to 980 c it causes loss of ductility, toughness and is generally strain intolerant, or brittle at. Stainless steel specification and composition table chart. Pdf stressstrain model for ferritic stainless steels. What is the family lean duplex ss lower nickel and no molybdenum 2101, 2102, 2202, 2304 duplex ss higher nickel and molybdenum 2205, 2003, 2404 super duplex 25chromium and higher nickel and molybdenum plus 2507, 255 and z100 hyper duplex more cr, ni, mo and n 2707. The primary alloying additions are chromium and nickel. Normally the chromium content of the ferritic stainless steel ranges from 14 to 27 wt%. Chemical compositions of aisi astmasme and uns ferritic.
Stainless steel properties and applications of ferritic. Ferritic stainless steel alloys can generally be classified into five groups, three families of standard grades groups 1 to 3 and two families of specialty grade steels groups 4 and 5. Performance of ferritic stainless steels for automobile. Their corrosion resistance tends to be lower than either ferritic or austenitic alloys, but they have a high hardness. Austenitic stainless steels include the 200 and 300 series of which type 304 is the most common. Five major classes of stainless steels are widely used. Ferritic stainless steel contains higher chromium content than the martensitic stainless steel. Table 1 chemical composition of ferritic stainless steel studied. Ferritic stainless steel damstahl front page pages 1 15. Engineering book store engineering forum excel app. Offers good corrosion resistance to many environments. Those steels with molybdenum additions have improved pitting corrosion resistance.
Stainless steels, ferritic request pdf researchgate. When stressed to 90% of its yield strength and placed in a 212. If the magnetic permeability of an austenitic stainless steel is of particular concern, it can be measured by relatively simple means as described in astm standard method a342. This paper describes prelim inary research to develop a constitution. For example, the p number 1 is assigned to carbon manganese or low carbon steel base metals. They are optimised for high hardness, although other properties can be compromised. High resistance to general corrosion, pitting and stress corrosion cracking. Ferritic stainless steelferritic stainless steelmetallurgy and corrosion properties and possibilitieswelding of ferritic stainless steel \stainless steel and corrosion\, chapter 10. Nssc austeniticferritic duplex with a duplex structure of austentie and ferrite, duplex type stainless steels show excellence in corrosion resistance and strength. Microstructural characterization of the haz in aisi 444 ferritic stainless steel welds article in materials characterization 595.
Type 430 is the generalpurpose stainless of the ferritic group. The therma range contains 12 products for use in applications with high service temperatures. A preliminary ferriticmartensitic stainless steel constitution diagram new diagram allows the prediction of ferrite and martensite in arc welds based on weld metal composition by m. Stainless steel properties and applications of ferritic grade. It is a corrosion resistant ferritic stainless steel with excellent strength, toughness, fabrication characteristics and weldability. It is a corrosion resistant ferritic stainless steel with excellent strength, toughness, fabrication. These steels can be magnetised in an electric field and so can be used for electric solenoid cores, where good corrosion resistance is required. Most astm and asme standards list the steel grades by their uns unified numbering system numbers but also make reference, where appropriate to the more general aisi american iron and steel institute grade designations. The link is to a book by carl zapffre on stainless steel and has a good historical background section. Microstructure and chemical compositions of ferritic stainless steel 1.
This book became a classic in the stainless steel industry and undoubt. Austenitic stainless steels are nonhardenable by heat treating. Ironcarbon phase diagram, showing the conditions under which ferrite. Ferritic can refer to substances in a solution, in a solid or liquid state. It is magnetic and not capable of hardening through heating. Stainless steel ss is an alloy steel with a minimum chromium content of 10. Ferritic stainless steel an overview sciencedirect topics.
The ferritic alloys dantsizens alloy contained 14 to 16%. Ferritic stainless steels are nonhardenable fecr alloys. Mechanical propertiesalong with alloy strength, consider hardness, fatigue. A new ferriticmartensitic stainless steel constitution. What is stainless steel austenitic ferritic martensitic. Download table chemical composition of aisi 430 ferritic stainless steel. What are martensitic, ferritic and austenitic stainless steel alloys.
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